Mountains

Mass of land projecting well above its immediate surroundings is mountain. Plate tectonics has shown that mountains are the result of collisions between the plates which form the Earth’s form the Earth’s outer surface layer. Behind while safer rocks surrounding them are worn away. Also some mountains, especially isolated peaks have been elevated above their surroundings because; they are volcanoes, e.g., Mauna Loa in Hawaii or Mount Etna in Italy. There is no fixed boundary at which a hill is regarded as mountain. One criterion is that anything higher than 600 feet above sea level is a mountain but generally a feature is regarded as a mountain if it extends at least 3300 feet above the surrounding land. 

Mounts: 

Most mountains are groups or ranges. Individual mountains in a range are usually referred to as mounts e.g. Mount Wilson, Mount Everest etc.
Types of Mountains:

Fold Mountains
They arise because the rocks in them have been buckled and crumpled by pressure. Just as a table cloth when pushed along a table wrinkles up into folds, the rocks. Of the earths crust reacts to lateral pressure to form folds. If the pressure is very great, the folds are tightly squeezed into pleats. More pressure sends the pleats rolling over one another. As the pleats rollup, high elevations are formed. Only massive pressures like those resulting from colliding plates can fold and mould rocks into mountains. It is now believed that all big mountains like the Himalayas, the Andes (south America), the Rockies (North America and the Alps (Europe ) were formed by colliding plates. These are fairly young mountains and therefore are called new fold mountains. These have
come into being after the continental drift started with the breakup of the supper continent, Pangaea. The old fold mountains were formed in the pr drift era long before the continental masses cave together to form Pangaea. The examples of the type are Aravallis of India, Pennies of Europe and Appalachians of America.
Black Mountains:
They came into being as a result of vertical earth movements along cracks or faults. Such movement is also cause by the pressure generated by plates. When such vertical earth movements leave a black of high elevation standing between two areas of low elevation, the high land area forms a black mountain. Such mountains are usually step side. Examples of the type are Vosges in France, the Black Forest Mountains in West Germany etc.
Volcanic Mountains:
Volcanic mountains are the result of volcanic eruptions when a volcano erupts; the materials that are ejected fall around a hole or crater and build up a mountain. That is roughly conical in shape and has a crater at the top, the examples are; Fujiyama in Japan, Vesuvius in Italy and the Chimborazo and Cotopaxi in South America.
Residual Mountains:
Residual mountains are those which are deeply dissected and reduced by weathering and river action that they stand out as skeletons, for example Catskill mountains of New York(USA)
Highest Mountains in The World Mountain Country Meters Everest Nepal/Tibet 8,848 K-2 (Godwin Austen) Pakistan 8,611 Kanchenjunga India/Nepal 8,586 Lhotse I Nepal/Tibet 8,516 Makalu I Nepal/Tibet 8,463 Cho Oyu Nepal/Tibet 8,201 Dhaulagiri Nepal 8,167 Manaslu I Nepal 8,163 Nanga Parbat Pakistan 8,125 Annapurna Nepal 8,091 Gasherbrum Pakistan/ China 8,068 Broad Peak Pakistan/ China 8,047 Gosainthan (Shishma Pangma) Tibet 8,046 Gasherbrum II Pakistan/ China 8,035 Annapurna II Nepal 7,937 Gyachung Kang Nepal 7,897 Disteghil Sar Pakistan 7,882 Himalchuli Nepal 7,864 Nuptse Nepal 7,841 Nanda Devi India 7,824 Masherbrum Kashmir 7,821 Rakaposhi Pakistan 7,788 Kanjut Sar Pakistan 7,761 Kamet India/Tibet 7,756 Namcha Barwa Tibet 7,756 Gurla Mandhata Tibet 7,728 Ulugh Muztagh Tibet 7,723 Kungur China 7,719 Tirich Mir Pakistan 7,690 Saser Kangri India 7,672 Makalu II Nepal 7,657 Minyan Konka China 7,590 Kula Kangri Bhutan 7,554 Chang-tzu Tibet 7,553 Muztagh Ata China 7,546 Skyang Kangri Kashmir 7,544 Communism Peak Tajikistan 7,495 Jongsong Peak Nepal 7,459 Poveda Peak Kyrgyzstan 7,439 Sia Kangri Kashmir 7,422 Haramosh peak Pakistan 7,397 Istoro Nal Pakistan 7,388